Advanced Surgical Recall provides a quick, efficient review of commonly tested information found on the ABSITE and Oral Board exams. Helpful images and drawings show important anatomical landmarks and appropriate surgical techniques. A new section, Rapid Fire Review for the ABSITE, features hundreds of quick-reference questions covering the most often tested information on the exam.
advanced surgical recall pdf
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Lippincott Connect Featured TitlePurchase of the new print edition of this Lippincott Connect title includes access to the digital version of the book, plus related materials such as videos and multiple-choice Q&A and self-assessments.Build the Confidence for Success on Your Exams and in the Operating Suite! Written in a rapid-fire question-and-answer format ideal for learning on the go, this best-selling clerkship resource covers both general surgery and surgical subspecialties and provides accurate, on-the-spot answers to the questions most likely encountered during rotations and on the shelf exam. This enhanced 9th edition reflects the latest advances in key areas, as well as additional Rapid-Fire Review questions and new Rapid-Fire Vignettes to prepare students for success on exams and beyond.
This edition is packed with survival tactics and tips for success on the boards and wards, as well as key information for those new to the surgical suite. Those who go on to surgery residencies can continue to test their knowledge with Advanced Surgical Recall, 4e.
Surgical Recall is a high-yield reference offering coverage of both general surgery and surgical subspecialties. It is a compact and portable reference which provides accurate and high-yield answer explanation of the questions/topics which are frequently tested in board exams. Surgical Recall PDF
For those who are not aware, Surgical Recall is a popular best-selling reference book for the clerkship students. Today, in this article, we are going to share with you free PDF download of book using our direct links. We hope that surgical residents and senior medical students will find this blog post useful.
What is a hernia?","front_plain":"What is a hernia?","back":"(L. rupture): Protrusion of a peritoneal sac through a musculoaponeurotic barrier (eg, abdominal wall); a fascial defect","back_plain":"(L. rupture): Protrusion of a peritoneal sac through a musculoaponeurotic barrier (eg, abdominal wall); a fascial defect","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":0,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=ff0bac7&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIGhlcm5pYT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=e940d3f&s=KEwuIHJ1cHR1cmUpOiBQcm90cnVzaW9uIG9mIGEgcGVyaXRvbmVhbCBzYWMgdGhyb3VnaCBhIG11c2N1bG9hcG9uZXVyb3RpYyBiYXJyaWVyIChlZywgYWJkb21pbmFsIHdhbGwpOyBhIGZhc2NpYWwgZGVmZWN0","audio_hint":null},"front":"What is the incidence of hernias?","front_plain":"What is the incidence of hernias?","back":"5-10% lifetime50% are indirect inguinal, 25% are direct inguinal, and 5% are femoral","back_plain":"5-10% lifetime\n50% are indirect inguinal, 25% are direct inguinal, and 5% are femoral","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":1,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=9f8614b&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgaW5jaWRlbmNlIG9mIGhlcm5pYXM%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=980bd53&s=NS0xMCUgbGlmZXRpbWUKNTAlIGFyZSBpbmRpcmVjdCBpbmd1aW5hbCwgMjUlIGFyZSBkaXJlY3QgaW5ndWluYWwsIGFuZCB%2BNSUgYXJlIGZlbW9yYWw%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What are the precipitating factors to hernias?","front_plain":"What are the precipitating factors to hernias?","back":"- Increased intra-abdominal pressure- Straining at defecation or urination (rectal cancer, colon cancer, prostatic enlargement, constipation)- Obesity- Pregnancy- Ascites- Valsavagenic (coughing) COPD An abnormal congenital anatomic route (ie, patent processus vaginalis)","back_plain":"- Increased intra-abdominal pressure\n- Straining at defecation or urination (rectal cancer, colon cancer, prostatic enlargement, constipation)\n- Obesity\n- Pregnancy\n- Ascites\n- Valsavagenic (coughing) COPD\n \nAn abnormal congenital anatomic route (ie, patent processus vaginalis)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":2,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=c65bb61&s=V2hhdCBhcmUgdGhlIHByZWNpcGl0YXRpbmcgZmFjdG9ycyB0byBoZXJuaWFzPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=935ad9e&s=LSBJbmNyZWFzZWQgaW50cmEtYWJkb21pbmFsIHByZXNzdXJlCi0gU3RyYWluaW5nIGF0IGRlZmVjYXRpb24gb3IgdXJpbmF0aW9uIChyZWN0YWwgY2FuY2VyLCBjb2xvbiBjYW5jZXIsIHByb3N0YXRpYyBlbmxhcmdlbWVudCwgY29uc3RpcGF0aW9uKQotIE9iZXNpdHkKLSBQcmVnbmFuY3kKLSBBc2NpdGVzCi0gVmFsc2F2YWdlbmljIChjb3VnaGluZykgQ09QRAogCkFuIGFibm9ybWFsIGNvbmdlbml0YWwgYW5hdG9taWMgcm91dGUgKGllLCBwYXRlbnQgcHJvY2Vzc3VzIHZhZ2luYWxpcyk%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"Why should hernias be repaired?","front_plain":"Why should hernias be repaired?","back":"To avoid complications of incarceration \/ strangulation, bowel necrosis, SBO, pain","back_plain":"To avoid complications of incarceration \/ strangulation, bowel necrosis, SBO, pain","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":3,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=672d39b&s=V2h5IHNob3VsZCBoZXJuaWFzIGJlIHJlcGFpcmVkPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=3700537&s=VG8gYXZvaWQgY29tcGxpY2F0aW9ucyBvZiBpbmNhcmNlcmF0aW9uIC8gc3RyYW5ndWxhdGlvbiwgYm93ZWwgbmVjcm9zaXMsIFNCTywgcGFpbg%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What does \"reducible\" mean in terms of a hernia?","front_plain":"What does \"reducible\" mean in terms of a hernia?","back":"Ability to return the displaced organ or tissue\/hernia to its usual anatomic site","back_plain":"Ability to return the displaced organ or tissue\/hernia to its usual anatomic site","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":4,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=497d8d2&s=V2hhdCBkb2VzICJyZWR1Y2libGUiIG1lYW4gaW4gdGVybXMgb2YgYSBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=3968e9f&s=QWJpbGl0eSB0byByZXR1cm4gdGhlIGRpc3BsYWNlZCBvcmdhbiBvciB0aXNzdWUvaGVybmlhIHRvIGl0cyB1c3VhbCBhbmF0b21pYyBzaXRl","audio_hint":null,"front":"What does \"incarcerated\" mean in terms of a hernia?","front_plain":"What does \"incarcerated\" mean in terms of a hernia?","back":"Swollen or fixed within the hernia sac (incarcerated = imprisoned); may cause intestinal obstruction (ie, an irreducible hernia)","back_plain":"Swollen or fixed within the hernia sac (incarcerated = imprisoned); may cause intestinal obstruction (ie, an irreducible hernia)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":5,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=5483b42&s=V2hhdCBkb2VzICJpbmNhcmNlcmF0ZWQiIG1lYW4gaW4gdGVybXMgb2YgYSBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=05929b5&s=U3dvbGxlbiBvciBmaXhlZCB3aXRoaW4gdGhlIGhlcm5pYSBzYWMgKGluY2FyY2VyYXRlZCA9IGltcHJpc29uZWQpOyBtYXkgY2F1c2UgaW50ZXN0aW5hbCBvYnN0cnVjdGlvbiAoaWUsIGFuIGlycmVkdWNpYmxlIGhlcm5pYSk%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What does \"strangulated\" mean in terms of a hernia?","front_plain":"What does \"strangulated\" mean in terms of a hernia?","back":"Incarcerated hernia with resulting ischemia; will result in signs\/symptoms of ischemia and intestinal obstruction or bowel necrosis","back_plain":"Incarcerated hernia with resulting ischemia; will result in signs\/symptoms of ischemia and intestinal obstruction or bowel necrosis","src":"https:\/\/images.cram.com\/images\/upload-flashcards\/18\/82\/75\/7188275.png","hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":6,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=11d0eb2&s=V2hhdCBkb2VzICJzdHJhbmd1bGF0ZWQiIG1lYW4gaW4gdGVybXMgb2YgYSBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=3b1f06b&s=SW5jYXJjZXJhdGVkIGhlcm5pYSB3aXRoIHJlc3VsdGluZyBpc2NoZW1pYTsgd2lsbCByZXN1bHQgaW4gc2lnbnMvc3ltcHRvbXMgb2YgaXNjaGVtaWEgYW5kIGludGVzdGluYWwgb2JzdHJ1Y3Rpb24gb3IgYm93ZWwgbmVjcm9zaXM%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What does \"complete\" mean in terms of a hernia?","front_plain":"What does \"complete\" mean in terms of a hernia?","back":"Hernia sac and its contents protrude all the way through the defect","back_plain":"Hernia sac and its contents protrude all the way through the defect","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":7,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=2fa3893&s=V2hhdCBkb2VzICJjb21wbGV0ZSIgbWVhbiBpbiB0ZXJtcyBvZiBhIGhlcm5pYT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=dd10bfe&s=SGVybmlhIHNhYyBhbmQgaXRzIGNvbnRlbnRzIHByb3RydWRlIGFsbCB0aGUgd2F5IHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIGRlZmVjdA%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What does \"incomplete\" mean in terms of a hernia?","front_plain":"What does \"incomplete\" mean in terms of a hernia?","back":"Defect present without sac or contents protruding completely through it","back_plain":"Defect present without sac or contents protruding completely through it","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":8,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=5b2eaf1&s=V2hhdCBkb2VzICJpbmNvbXBsZXRlIiBtZWFuIGluIHRlcm1zIG9mIGEgaGVybmlhPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=94632b2&s=RGVmZWN0IHByZXNlbnQgd2l0aG91dCBzYWMgb3IgY29udGVudHMgcHJvdHJ1ZGluZyBjb21wbGV0ZWx5IHRocm91Z2ggaXQ%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is reducing a hernia \"en masse\" mean?","front_plain":"What is reducing a hernia \"en masse\" mean?","back":"Reducing the hernia contents and hernia sac","back_plain":"Reducing the hernia contents and hernia sac","src":"https:\/\/images.cram.com\/images\/upload-flashcards\/18\/82\/87\/7188287.png","hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":9,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=cf6471e&s=V2hhdCBpcyByZWR1Y2luZyBhIGhlcm5pYSAiZW4gbWFzc2UiIG1lYW4%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=cba9e9f&s=UmVkdWNpbmcgdGhlIGhlcm5pYSBjb250ZW50cyBhbmQgaGVybmlhIHNhYw%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"sliding\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"sliding\" hernia?","back":"Hernia sac partially formed by the wall of a viscus (ie, bladder, cecum, sigmoid, ovary)","back_plain":"Hernia sac partially formed by the wall of a viscus (ie, bladder, cecum, sigmoid, ovary)","src":"https:\/\/images.cram.com\/images\/upload-flashcards\/18\/83\/08\/7188308.png","hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":10,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=e0b9070&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJzbGlkaW5nIiBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=df51735&s=SGVybmlhIHNhYyBwYXJ0aWFsbHkgZm9ybWVkIGJ5IHRoZSB3YWxsIG9mIGEgdmlzY3VzIChpZSwgYmxhZGRlciwgY2VjdW0sIHNpZ21vaWQsIG92YXJ5KQ%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"Littre's\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"Littre's\" hernia?","back":"Hernia involving a Meckel's diverticulum (usually strangulates\/incarcerates)","back_plain":"Hernia involving a Meckel's diverticulum (usually strangulates\/incarcerates)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":11,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=4135bfb&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJMaXR0cmUncyIgaGVybmlhPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=565cb52&s=SGVybmlhIGludm9sdmluZyBhIE1lY2tlbCdzIGRpdmVydGljdWx1bSAodXN1YWxseSBzdHJhbmd1bGF0ZXMvaW5jYXJjZXJhdGVzKQ%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"Spigelian\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"Spigelian\" hernia?","back":"Hernia through the linea semilunaris (or spigelian fascia); also known as spontaneous lateral ventral hernia","back_plain":"Hernia through the linea semilunaris (or spigelian fascia); also known as spontaneous lateral ventral hernia","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":12,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=8ebe5f6&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJTcGlnZWxpYW4iIGhlcm5pYT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=8389267&s=SGVybmlhIHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIGxpbmVhIHNlbWlsdW5hcmlzIChvciBzcGlnZWxpYW4gZmFzY2lhKTsgYWxzbyBrbm93biBhcyBzcG9udGFuZW91cyBsYXRlcmFsIHZlbnRyYWwgaGVybmlh","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is an \"internal\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is an \"internal\" hernia?","back":"Hernia into or involving intra-abdominal structure","back_plain":"Hernia into or involving intra-abdominal structure","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":13,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=f2c004f&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhbiAiaW50ZXJuYWwiIGhlcm5pYT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=efd1e8c&s=SGVybmlhIGludG8gb3IgaW52b2x2aW5nIGludHJhLWFiZG9taW5hbCBzdHJ1Y3R1cmU%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"Petersen's\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"Petersen's\" hernia?","back":"Seen after bariatric gastric bypass - internal herniation of small bowel through the mesenteric defect from the Roux limb","back_plain":"Seen after bariatric gastric bypass - internal herniation of small bowel through the mesenteric defect from the Roux limb","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":14,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=8b9ad10&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJQZXRlcnNlbidzIiBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=dccc8e9&s=U2VlbiBhZnRlciBiYXJpYXRyaWMgZ2FzdHJpYyBieXBhc3MgLSBpbnRlcm5hbCBoZXJuaWF0aW9uIG9mIHNtYWxsIGJvd2VsIHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIG1lc2VudGVyaWMgZGVmZWN0IGZyb20gdGhlIFJvdXggbGltYg%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"Obturator\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"Obturator\" hernia?","back":"Hernia through obturator canal (females > males)","back_plain":"Hernia through obturator canal (females > males)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":15,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=e89ef68&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJPYnR1cmF0b3IiIGhlcm5pYT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=eb5a582&s=SGVybmlhIHRocm91Z2ggb2J0dXJhdG9yIGNhbmFsIChmZW1hbGVzID4gbWFsZXMp","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"Lumbar\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"Lumbar\" hernia?","back":"Petit's hernia or Grynfeltt's hernia","back_plain":"Petit's hernia or Grynfeltt's hernia","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":16,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=74cff62&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJMdW1iYXIiIGhlcm5pYT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=35f0114&s=UGV0aXQncyBoZXJuaWEgb3IgR3J5bmZlbHR0J3MgaGVybmlh","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"Petit's\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"Petit's\" hernia?","back":"(Rare) hernia through Petit's triangle (aka inferior lumbar triangle) Think: petite = small = inferior Petit's triangle: medial external oblique, lateral latissimus dorsi, and iliac crest","back_plain":"(Rare) hernia through Petit's triangle (aka inferior lumbar triangle)\n \nThink: petite = small = inferior\n \nPetit's triangle: medial external oblique, lateral latissimus dorsi, and iliac crest","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":17,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=bfd64e8&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJQZXRpdCdzIiBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=cb6a361&s=KFJhcmUpIGhlcm5pYSB0aHJvdWdoIFBldGl0J3MgdHJpYW5nbGUgKGFrYSBpbmZlcmlvciBsdW1iYXIgdHJpYW5nbGUpCiAKVGhpbms6IHBldGl0ZSA9IHNtYWxsID0gaW5mZXJpb3IKIApQZXRpdCdzIHRyaWFuZ2xlOiBtZWRpYWwgZXh0ZXJuYWwgb2JsaXF1ZSwgbGF0ZXJhbCBsYXRpc3NpbXVzIGRvcnNpLCBhbmQgaWxpYWMgY3Jlc3Q%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"Grynfeltt's\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"Grynfeltt's\" hernia?","back":"Hernia through Grynfeltt-Lesshaft triangle (superior lumbar triangle) Triangle: sacrospinalis muscle, internal oblique muscle, and 12th rib inferior margin","back_plain":"Hernia through Grynfeltt-Lesshaft triangle (superior lumbar triangle)\n \nTriangle: sacrospinalis muscle, internal oblique muscle, and 12th rib inferior margin","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":18,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=c846b74&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJHcnluZmVsdHQncyIgaGVybmlhPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=5ded366&s=SGVybmlhIHRocm91Z2ggR3J5bmZlbHR0LUxlc3NoYWZ0IHRyaWFuZ2xlIChzdXBlcmlvciBsdW1iYXIgdHJpYW5nbGUpCiAKVHJpYW5nbGU6IHNhY3Jvc3BpbmFsaXMgbXVzY2xlLCBpbnRlcm5hbCBvYmxpcXVlIG11c2NsZSwgYW5kIDEydGggcmliIGluZmVyaW9yIG1hcmdpbg%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"Pantaloon\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"Pantaloon\" hernia?","back":"Hernia sac exists as both a direct and indirect hernia straddling the inferior epigastric vessels and protruding through the floor of the canal as well as the internal ring (two sacs separated by the inferior epigastric vessels - the pant crotch - like a pair of pantaloon pants)","back_plain":"Hernia sac exists as both a direct and indirect hernia straddling the inferior epigastric vessels and protruding through the floor of the canal as well as the internal ring (two sacs separated by the inferior epigastric vessels - the pant crotch - like a pair of pantaloon pants)","src":"https:\/\/images.cram.com\/images\/upload-flashcards\/18\/83\/47\/7188347.png","hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":19,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=a485e35&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJQYW50YWxvb24iIGhlcm5pYT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=d692c45&s=SGVybmlhIHNhYyBleGlzdHMgYXMgYm90aCBhIGRpcmVjdCBhbmQgaW5kaXJlY3QgaGVybmlhIHN0cmFkZGxpbmcgdGhlIGluZmVyaW9yIGVwaWdhc3RyaWMgdmVzc2VscyBhbmQgcHJvdHJ1ZGluZyB0aHJvdWdoIHRoZSBmbG9vciBvZiB0aGUgY2FuYWwgYXMgd2VsbCBhcyB0aGUgaW50ZXJuYWwgcmluZyAodHdvIHNhY3Mgc2VwYXJhdGVkIGJ5IHRoZSBpbmZlcmlvciBlcGlnYXN0cmljIHZlc3NlbHMgLSB0aGUgcGFudCBjcm90Y2ggLSBsaWtlIGEgcGFpciBvZiBwYW50YWxvb24gcGFudHMp","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is an \"incisional\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is an \"incisional\" hernia?","back":"Hernia through an incisional site; most common cause is a wound infection","back_plain":"Hernia through an incisional site; most common cause is a wound infection","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":20,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=2076e8e&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhbiAiaW5jaXNpb25hbCIgaGVybmlhPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=8c1be3f&s=SGVybmlhIHRocm91Z2ggYW4gaW5jaXNpb25hbCBzaXRlOyBtb3N0IGNvbW1vbiBjYXVzZSBpcyBhIHdvdW5kIGluZmVjdGlvbg%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"ventral\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"ventral\" hernia?","back":"Incisional hernia in the ventral abdominal wall","back_plain":"Incisional hernia in the ventral abdominal wall","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":21,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=67f5f6a&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJ2ZW50cmFsIiBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=2af358c&s=SW5jaXNpb25hbCBoZXJuaWEgaW4gdGhlIHZlbnRyYWwgYWJkb21pbmFsIHdhbGw%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a \"parastomal\" 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\"Cooper's\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is a \"Cooper's\" hernia?","back":"Hernia through the femoral canal and tracking into the scrotum or labia majus","back_plain":"Hernia through the femoral canal and tracking into the scrotum or labia majus","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":33,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=962100e&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhICJDb29wZXIncyIgaGVybmlhPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=cc8a142&s=SGVybmlhIHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIGZlbW9yYWwgY2FuYWwgYW5kIHRyYWNraW5nIGludG8gdGhlIHNjcm90dW0gb3IgbGFiaWEgbWFqdXM%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is an \"indirect inguinal\" hernia?","front_plain":"What is an \"indirect inguinal\" hernia?","back":"Inguinal hernia lateral to Hesselbach's triangle","back_plain":"Inguinal hernia lateral to Hesselbach's 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Appendix)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":37,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=381d681&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhbiAiQW15YW5kJ3MiIGhlcm5pYT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=5538ec8&s=SGVybmlhIHNhYyBjb250YWluaW5nIGEgcnVwdHVyZWQgYXBwZW5kaXggKEFteWFuZCdzID0gQXBwZW5kaXgp","audio_hint":null,"front":"What are the boundaries of Hesselbach's triangle?","front_plain":"What are the boundaries of Hesselbach's triangle?","back":"1. 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Lateral border of the rectus sheath\n \nFloor consists of internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":38,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=22a9b1d&s=V2hhdCBhcmUgdGhlIGJvdW5kYXJpZXMgb2YgSGVzc2VsYmFjaCdzIHRyaWFuZ2xlPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=45623d4&s=MS4gSW5mZXJpb3IgZXBpZ2FzdHJpYyB2ZXNzZWxzCjIuIEluZ3VpbmFsIGxpZ2FtZW50IChQb3VwYXJ0J3MpCjMuIExhdGVyYWwgYm9yZGVyIG9mIHRoZSByZWN0dXMgc2hlYXRoCiAKRmxvb3IgY29uc2lzdHMgb2YgaW50ZXJuYWwgb2JsaXF1ZSBhbmQgdGhlIHRyYW5zdmVyc3VzIGFiZG9taW5pcyBtdXNjbGU%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What are the laters of the abdominal wall?","front_plain":"What are the laters of the abdominal wall?","back":"- Skin- SubQ fat- Scarpa's fascia- External oblique- Internal oblique- Transversus abdominus- Transversalis fascia- Pre-peritoneal fat- Peritoneum Note: all 3 muscle layers aponeuroses form the anterior rectus sheath, with the posterior rectus sheath being deficient below the arcuate line","back_plain":"- Skin\n- SubQ fat\n- Scarpa's fascia\n- External oblique\n- Internal oblique\n- Transversus abdominus\n- Transversalis fascia\n- Pre-peritoneal fat\n- Peritoneum\n \nNote: all 3 muscle layers aponeuroses form the anterior rectus sheath, with the posterior rectus sheath being deficient below the arcuate line","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":39,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=8ef7537&s=V2hhdCBhcmUgdGhlIGxhdGVycyBvZiB0aGUgYWJkb21pbmFsIHdhbGw%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=d82d8d5&s=LSBTa2luCi0gU3ViUSBmYXQKLSBTY2FycGEncyBmYXNjaWEKLSBFeHRlcm5hbCBvYmxpcXVlCi0gSW50ZXJuYWwgb2JsaXF1ZQotIFRyYW5zdmVyc3VzIGFiZG9taW51cwotIFRyYW5zdmVyc2FsaXMgZmFzY2lhCi0gUHJlLXBlcml0b25lYWwgZmF0Ci0gUGVyaXRvbmV1bQogCk5vdGU6IGFsbCAzIG11c2NsZSBsYXllcnMgYXBvbmV1cm9zZXMgZm9ybSB0aGUgYW50ZXJpb3IgcmVjdHVzIHNoZWF0aCwgd2l0aCB0aGUgcG9zdGVyaW9yIHJlY3R1cyBzaGVhdGggYmVpbmcgZGVmaWNpZW50IGJlbG93IHRoZSBhcmN1YXRlIGxpbmU%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the differential diagnosis for a mass in a healed C-section incision?","front_plain":"What is the differential diagnosis for a mass in a healed C-section incision?","back":"Hernia, Endometrioma","back_plain":"Hernia, Endometrioma","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":40,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=dc231f0&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgZGlmZmVyZW50aWFsIGRpYWdub3NpcyBmb3IgYSBtYXNzIGluIGEgaGVhbGVkIEMtc2VjdGlvbiBpbmNpc2lvbj8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=e31e75d&s=SGVybmlhLCBFbmRvbWV0cmlvbWE%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the differential diagnosis of a groin mass?","front_plain":"What is the differential diagnosis of a groin mass?","back":"- Lymphadenopathy- Hematoma- Seroma- Abscess- Hydrocele- Femoral artery aneurysm- EIC (epidermal inclusion cyst)- Undescended testicle- Sarcoma- Hernia- Testicular torsion","back_plain":"- Lymphadenopathy\n- Hematoma\n- Seroma\n- Abscess\n- Hydrocele\n- Femoral artery aneurysm\n- EIC (epidermal inclusion cyst)\n- Undescended testicle\n- Sarcoma\n- Hernia\n- Testicular torsion","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":41,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=b6ec9d8&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgZGlmZmVyZW50aWFsIGRpYWdub3NpcyBvZiBhIGdyb2luIG1hc3M%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=04d254d&s=LSBMeW1waGFkZW5vcGF0aHkKLSBIZW1hdG9tYQotIFNlcm9tYQotIEFic2Nlc3MKLSBIeWRyb2NlbGUKLSBGZW1vcmFsIGFydGVyeSBhbmV1cnlzbQotIEVJQyAoZXBpZGVybWFsIGluY2x1c2lvbiBjeXN0KQotIFVuZGVzY2VuZGVkIHRlc3RpY2xlCi0gU2FyY29tYQotIEhlcm5pYQotIFRlc3RpY3VsYXIgdG9yc2lvbg%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a direct inguinal hernia?","front_plain":"What is a direct inguinal hernia?","back":"Hernia within the floor of Hesselbach's triangle, ie, the hernia sac does not traverse the internal ring (think directly through the abdominal wall)","back_plain":"Hernia within the floor of Hesselbach's triangle, ie, the hernia sac does not traverse the internal ring (think directly through the abdominal wall)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":42,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=d5a2cf6&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIGRpcmVjdCBpbmd1aW5hbCBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=92767ba&s=SGVybmlhIHdpdGhpbiB0aGUgZmxvb3Igb2YgSGVzc2VsYmFjaCdzIHRyaWFuZ2xlLCBpZSwgdGhlIGhlcm5pYSBzYWMgZG9lcyBub3QgdHJhdmVyc2UgdGhlIGludGVybmFsIHJpbmcgKHRoaW5rIGRpcmVjdGx5IHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIGFiZG9taW5hbCB3YWxsKQ%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the cause of a direct inguinal hernia?","front_plain":"What is the cause of a direct inguinal hernia?","back":"Acquired defect from mechanical breakdown over the years","back_plain":"Acquired defect from mechanical breakdown over the years","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":43,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=8413cf9&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgY2F1c2Ugb2YgYSBkaXJlY3QgaW5ndWluYWwgaGVybmlhPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=f05b297&s=QWNxdWlyZWQgZGVmZWN0IGZyb20gbWVjaGFuaWNhbCBicmVha2Rvd24gb3ZlciB0aGUgeWVhcnM%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the incidence of direct inguinal hernias?","front_plain":"What is the incidence of direct inguinal hernias?","back":"About 1% of all men; frequency increases with advanced age","back_plain":"About 1% of all men; frequency increases with advanced age","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":44,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=281fa26&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgaW5jaWRlbmNlIG9mIGRpcmVjdCBpbmd1aW5hbCBoZXJuaWFzPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=5091101&s=QWJvdXQgMSUgb2YgYWxsIG1lbjsgZnJlcXVlbmN5IGluY3JlYXNlcyB3aXRoIGFkdmFuY2VkIGFnZQ%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What nerve runs with the spermatic cord in the inguinal canal?","front_plain":"What nerve runs with the spermatic cord in the inguinal canal?","back":"Ilioinguinal nerve","back_plain":"Ilioinguinal nerve","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":45,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=af4b7c3&s=V2hhdCBuZXJ2ZSBydW5zIHdpdGggdGhlIHNwZXJtYXRpYyBjb3JkIGluIHRoZSBpbmd1aW5hbCBjYW5hbD8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=9731ded&s=SWxpb2luZ3VpbmFsIG5lcnZl","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is an indirect inguinal hernia?","front_plain":"What is an indirect inguinal hernia?","back":"Hernia through the internal ring of the inguinal canal, traveling down toward the external ring; it may enter the scrotum upon exiting the external ring (ie, if complete); think of the hernia sac traveling indirectly through the abdominal wall from the internal ring to the external ring)","back_plain":"Hernia through the internal ring of the inguinal canal, traveling down toward the external ring; it may enter the scrotum upon exiting the external ring (ie, if complete); think of the hernia sac traveling indirectly through the abdominal wall from the internal ring to the external ring)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":46,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=c314607&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhbiBpbmRpcmVjdCBpbmd1aW5hbCBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=8547d38&s=SGVybmlhIHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIGludGVybmFsIHJpbmcgb2YgdGhlIGluZ3VpbmFsIGNhbmFsLCB0cmF2ZWxpbmcgZG93biB0b3dhcmQgdGhlIGV4dGVybmFsIHJpbmc7IGl0IG1heSBlbnRlciB0aGUgc2Nyb3R1bSB1cG9uIGV4aXRpbmcgdGhlIGV4dGVybmFsIHJpbmcgKGllLCBpZiBjb21wbGV0ZSk7IHRoaW5rIG9mIHRoZSBoZXJuaWEgc2FjIHRyYXZlbGluZyBpbmRpcmVjdGx5IHRocm91Z2ggdGhlIGFiZG9taW5hbCB3YWxsIGZyb20gdGhlIGludGVybmFsIHJpbmcgdG8gdGhlIGV4dGVybmFsIHJpbmcp","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the cause of an indirect inguinal hernia?","front_plain":"What is the cause of an indirect inguinal hernia?","back":"Patent processus vaginalis (ie, congenital)","back_plain":"Patent processus vaginalis (ie, congenital)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":47,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=dd47b8e&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgY2F1c2Ugb2YgYW4gaW5kaXJlY3QgaW5ndWluYWwgaGVybmlhPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=dd8ad41&s=UGF0ZW50IHByb2Nlc3N1cyB2YWdpbmFsaXMgKGllLCBjb25nZW5pdGFsKQ%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the incidence of indirect inguinal hernias?","front_plain":"What is the incidence of indirect inguinal hernias?","back":"About 5% of all men; most common hernia in both men and women","back_plain":"About 5% of all men; most common hernia in both men and women","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":48,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=66f7f96&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgaW5jaWRlbmNlIG9mIGluZGlyZWN0IGluZ3VpbmFsIGhlcm5pYXM%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=bc13656&s=QWJvdXQgNSUgb2YgYWxsIG1lbjsgbW9zdCBjb21tb24gaGVybmlhIGluIGJvdGggbWVuIGFuZCB3b21lbg%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"How is an inguinal hernia diagnosed?","front_plain":"How is an inguinal hernia diagnosed?","back":"Relies mainly on history and physical exam with index finger invaginated into the external ring and palpation of hernia; examine the pt standing up if diagnosis is not obvious Note: if swelling occurs below the inguinal ligament, it is possibly a femoral hernia","back_plain":"Relies mainly on history and physical exam with index finger invaginated into the external ring and palpation of hernia; examine the pt standing up if diagnosis is not obvious \n \nNote: if swelling occurs below the inguinal ligament, it is possibly a femoral hernia","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":49,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=9829f9b&s=SG93IGlzIGFuIGluZ3VpbmFsIGhlcm5pYSBkaWFnbm9zZWQ%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=422891d&s=UmVsaWVzIG1haW5seSBvbiBoaXN0b3J5IGFuZCBwaHlzaWNhbCBleGFtIHdpdGggaW5kZXggZmluZ2VyIGludmFnaW5hdGVkIGludG8gdGhlIGV4dGVybmFsIHJpbmcgYW5kIHBhbHBhdGlvbiBvZiBoZXJuaWE7IGV4YW1pbmUgdGhlIHB0IHN0YW5kaW5nIHVwIGlmIGRpYWdub3NpcyBpcyBub3Qgb2J2aW91cyAKIApOb3RlOiBpZiBzd2VsbGluZyBvY2N1cnMgYmVsb3cgdGhlIGluZ3VpbmFsIGxpZ2FtZW50LCBpdCBpcyBwb3NzaWJseSBhIGZlbW9yYWwgaGVybmlh","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the differential diagnosis of an inguinal hernia?","front_plain":"What is the differential diagnosis of an inguinal hernia?","back":"- Lymphadenopathy- Psoas abscess- Ectopic testis- Hydrocele of the cord- Saphenous varix- Lipoma- Varicocele- Testicular torsion- Femoral artery aneurysm- Abscess","back_plain":"- Lymphadenopathy\n- Psoas abscess\n- Ectopic testis\n- Hydrocele of the cord\n- Saphenous varix\n- Lipoma\n- Varicocele\n- Testicular torsion\n- Femoral artery aneurysm\n- Abscess","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":50,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=adcad16&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgZGlmZmVyZW50aWFsIGRpYWdub3NpcyBvZiBhbiBpbmd1aW5hbCBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=ca86942&s=LSBMeW1waGFkZW5vcGF0aHkKLSBQc29hcyBhYnNjZXNzCi0gRWN0b3BpYyB0ZXN0aXMKLSBIeWRyb2NlbGUgb2YgdGhlIGNvcmQKLSBTYXBoZW5vdXMgdmFyaXgKLSBMaXBvbWEKLSBWYXJpY29jZWxlCi0gVGVzdGljdWxhciB0b3JzaW9uCi0gRmVtb3JhbCBhcnRlcnkgYW5ldXJ5c20KLSBBYnNjZXNz","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the risk of strangulation for inguinal hernias?","front_plain":"What is the risk of strangulation for inguinal hernias?","back":"Higher with indirect than direct inguinal hernia, but highest in femoral hernias","back_plain":"Higher with indirect than direct inguinal hernia, but highest in femoral hernias","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":51,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=6de9bf7&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgcmlzayBvZiBzdHJhbmd1bGF0aW9uIGZvciBpbmd1aW5hbCBoZXJuaWFzPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=629bf61&s=SGlnaGVyIHdpdGggaW5kaXJlY3QgdGhhbiBkaXJlY3QgaW5ndWluYWwgaGVybmlhLCBidXQgaGlnaGVzdCBpbiBmZW1vcmFsIGhlcm5pYXM%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What are the types of procedures for repairing inguinal hernias?","front_plain":"What are the types of procedures for repairing inguinal hernias?","back":"- Bassini- McVay- Lichtenstein- Shouldice- Plug and patch- High ligation- TAPP procedure- TEPA procedure","back_plain":"- Bassini\n- McVay\n- Lichtenstein\n- Shouldice\n- Plug and patch\n- High ligation\n- TAPP procedure\n- TEPA procedure","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":52,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=4179fc7&s=V2hhdCBhcmUgdGhlIHR5cGVzIG9mIHByb2NlZHVyZXMgZm9yIHJlcGFpcmluZyBpbmd1aW5hbCBoZXJuaWFzPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=d4ff3a2&s=LSBCYXNzaW5pCi0gTWNWYXkKLSBMaWNodGVuc3RlaW4KLSBTaG91bGRpY2UKLSBQbHVnIGFuZCBwYXRjaAotIEhpZ2ggbGlnYXRpb24KLSBUQVBQIHByb2NlZHVyZQotIFRFUEEgcHJvY2VkdXJl","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a Bassini procedure?","front_plain":"What is a Bassini procedure?","back":"Sutures approximate the reflection of the inguinal ligament (Poupart's) to the transversus abdominis aponeurosis \/ conjoint tendon","back_plain":"Sutures approximate the reflection of the inguinal ligament (Poupart's) to the transversus abdominis aponeurosis \/ conjoint tendon","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":53,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=e8d9f59&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIEJhc3NpbmkgcHJvY2VkdXJlPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=203305f&s=U3V0dXJlcyBhcHByb3hpbWF0ZSB0aGUgcmVmbGVjdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgaW5ndWluYWwgbGlnYW1lbnQgKFBvdXBhcnQncykgdG8gdGhlIHRyYW5zdmVyc3VzIGFiZG9taW5pcyBhcG9uZXVyb3NpcyAvIGNvbmpvaW50IHRlbmRvbg%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a McVay procedure?","front_plain":"What is a McVay procedure?","back":"Cooper's ligament sutured to transversus abdominis aponeurosis \/ conjoint tendon","back_plain":"Cooper's ligament sutured to transversus abdominis aponeurosis \/ conjoint tendon","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":54,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=dd996d2&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIE1jVmF5IHByb2NlZHVyZT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=7d4b7f1&s=Q29vcGVyJ3MgbGlnYW1lbnQgc3V0dXJlZCB0byB0cmFuc3ZlcnN1cyBhYmRvbWluaXMgYXBvbmV1cm9zaXMgLyBjb25qb2ludCB0ZW5kb24%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a Lichtensteinprocedure?","front_plain":"What is a Lichtensteinprocedure?","back":"\"Tension-free repair\" using mesh","back_plain":"\"Tension-free repair\" using mesh","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":55,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=36c3193&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIExpY2h0ZW5zdGVpbnByb2NlZHVyZT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=838a48c&s=IlRlbnNpb24tZnJlZSByZXBhaXIiIHVzaW5nIG1lc2g%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a Shouldice procedure?","front_plain":"What is a Shouldice procedure?","back":"Imbrication of the floor of the inguinal canal (aka \"Canadian repair\")","back_plain":"Imbrication of the floor of the inguinal canal (aka \"Canadian repair\")","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":56,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=e4df306&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIFNob3VsZGljZSBwcm9jZWR1cmU%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=6359208&s=SW1icmljYXRpb24gb2YgdGhlIGZsb29yIG9mIHRoZSBpbmd1aW5hbCBjYW5hbCAoYWthICJDYW5hZGlhbiByZXBhaXIiKQ%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a Plug and Patch procedure?","front_plain":"What is a Plug and Patch procedure?","back":"Place a plug of mesh in hernia defect and then overlay a patch of mesh over the inguinal floor (requires few if any sutures in mesh)","back_plain":"Place a plug of mesh in hernia defect and then overlay a patch of mesh over the inguinal floor (requires few if any sutures in mesh)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":57,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=46dd299&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIFBsdWcgYW5kIFBhdGNoIHByb2NlZHVyZT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=6f16c56&s=UGxhY2UgYSBwbHVnIG9mIG1lc2ggaW4gaGVybmlhIGRlZmVjdCBhbmQgdGhlbiBvdmVybGF5IGEgcGF0Y2ggb2YgbWVzaCBvdmVyIHRoZSBpbmd1aW5hbCBmbG9vciAocmVxdWlyZXMgZmV3IGlmIGFueSBzdXR1cmVzIGluIG1lc2gp","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a High Ligation procedure?","front_plain":"What is a High Ligation procedure?","back":"Ligation and transection of indirect hernia sac without repair of inguinal floor (used only in children)","back_plain":"Ligation and transection of indirect hernia sac without repair of inguinal floor (used only in children)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":58,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=b51f3eb&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIEhpZ2ggTGlnYXRpb24gcHJvY2VkdXJlPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=45bae58&s=TGlnYXRpb24gYW5kIHRyYW5zZWN0aW9uIG9mIGluZGlyZWN0IGhlcm5pYSBzYWMgd2l0aG91dCByZXBhaXIgb2YgaW5ndWluYWwgZmxvb3IgKHVzZWQgb25seSBpbiBjaGlsZHJlbik%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a TAPP procedure?","front_plain":"What is a TAPP procedure?","back":"TransAbdominal Pre-Peritoneal inguinal hernia repair","back_plain":"TransAbdominal Pre-Peritoneal inguinal hernia repair","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":59,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=ec80144&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIFRBUFAgcHJvY2VkdXJlPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=5ca2e5b&s=VHJhbnNBYmRvbWluYWwgUHJlLVBlcml0b25lYWwgaW5ndWluYWwgaGVybmlhIHJlcGFpcg%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a TEPA procedure?","front_plain":"What is a TEPA procedure?","back":"Totally ExtraPeritoneal Approach","back_plain":"Totally ExtraPeritoneal Approach","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":60,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=7213ae2&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIFRFUEEgcHJvY2VkdXJlPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=be13aff&s=VG90YWxseSBFeHRyYVBlcml0b25lYWwgQXBwcm9hY2g%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What are the indications for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair?","front_plain":"What are the indications for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair?","back":"1. Bilateral inguinal hernias2. Recurring hernias3. Need to resume full activity as soon as possible","back_plain":"1. Bilateral inguinal hernias\n2. Recurring hernias\n3. Need to resume full activity as soon as possible","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":61,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=58a127a&s=V2hhdCBhcmUgdGhlIGluZGljYXRpb25zIGZvciBsYXBhcm9zY29waWMgaW5ndWluYWwgaGVybmlhIHJlcGFpcj8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=c8c79a1&s=MS4gQmlsYXRlcmFsIGluZ3VpbmFsIGhlcm5pYXMKMi4gUmVjdXJyaW5nIGhlcm5pYXMKMy4gTmVlZCB0byByZXN1bWUgZnVsbCBhY3Rpdml0eSBhcyBzb29uIGFzIHBvc3NpYmxl","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the first identifiable subcutaneous named layer?","front_plain":"What is the first identifiable subcutaneous named layer?","back":"Scarpa's fascia (thin in adults)","back_plain":"Scarpa's fascia (thin in adults)","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":62,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=edffe58&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgZmlyc3QgaWRlbnRpZmlhYmxlIHN1YmN1dGFuZW91cyBuYW1lZCBsYXllcj8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=e932d96&s=U2NhcnBhJ3MgZmFzY2lhICh0aGluIGluIGFkdWx0cyk%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the name of the subcutaneous vein that is ligated during an inguinal hernia repair?","front_plain":"What is the name of the subcutaneous vein that is ligated during an inguinal hernia repair?","back":"Superficial epigastric vein","back_plain":"Superficial epigastric vein","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":63,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=2926053&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgbmFtZSBvZiB0aGUgc3ViY3V0YW5lb3VzIHZlaW4gdGhhdCBpcyBsaWdhdGVkIGR1cmluZyBhbiBpbmd1aW5hbCBoZXJuaWEgcmVwYWlyPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=77a212c&s=U3VwZXJmaWNpYWwgZXBpZ2FzdHJpYyB2ZWlu","audio_hint":null,"front":"What happens if you cut the ilioinguinal nerve?","front_plain":"What happens if you cut the ilioinguinal nerve?","back":"Numbness of inner thigh or lateral scrotum; 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ulceration","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":109,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=df1e57b&s=V2hhdCBhcmUgdGhlIGNvbXBsaWNhdGlvbnMgb2YgYSBzbGlkaW5nIGVzb3BoYWdlYWwgaGlhdGFsIGhlcm5pYT8%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=2249bc9&s=LSBSZWZsdXggLS0%2BIGVzb3BoYWdpdGlzIC0tPiBCYXJyZXR0J3MgZXNvcGhhZ3VzIC0tPiBjYW5jZXIgb3Igc3RyaWN0dXJlIGZvcm1hdGlvbgotIEFzcGlyYXRpb24gcG5ldW1vbmlhCi0gSXQgY2FuIGFsc28gcmVzdWx0IGluIFVHSSBibGVlZGluZyBmcm9tIGVzb3BoYWdlYWwgdWxjZXJhdGlvbg%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the treatment of a sliding esophageal hiatal hernia?","front_plain":"What is the treatment of a sliding esophageal hiatal hernia?","back":"85% of cases are treated medically with antacids, H2 blockres, PPIs, head elevation after meals, small meals, and no food prior to sleeping 15% of cases require surgery for persistent symptoms despite adequate medical treatment","back_plain":"85% of cases are treated medically with antacids, H2 blockres, PPIs, head elevation after meals, small meals, and no food prior to sleeping\n \n15% of cases require surgery for persistent symptoms despite adequate medical treatment","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":110,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=b7320b4&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgdHJlYXRtZW50IG9mIGEgc2xpZGluZyBlc29waGFnZWFsIGhpYXRhbCBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=1c7ef43&s=ODUlIG9mIGNhc2VzIGFyZSB0cmVhdGVkIG1lZGljYWxseSB3aXRoIGFudGFjaWRzLCBIMiBibG9ja3JlcywgUFBJcywgaGVhZCBlbGV2YXRpb24gYWZ0ZXIgbWVhbHMsIHNtYWxsIG1lYWxzLCBhbmQgbm8gZm9vZCBwcmlvciB0byBzbGVlcGluZwogCjE1JSBvZiBjYXNlcyByZXF1aXJlIHN1cmdlcnkgZm9yIHBlcnNpc3RlbnQgc3ltcHRvbXMgZGVzcGl0ZSBhZGVxdWF0ZSBtZWRpY2FsIHRyZWF0bWVudA%3D%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is the surgical treatment for a sliding esophageal hiatal hernia?","front_plain":"What is the surgical treatment for a sliding esophageal hiatal hernia?","back":"Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LAP Nissen) involves wrapping the fundus around the LES and suturing it in place","back_plain":"Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LAP Nissen) involves wrapping the fundus around the LES and suturing it in place","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":111,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=ee8307f&s=V2hhdCBpcyB0aGUgc3VyZ2ljYWwgdHJlYXRtZW50IGZvciBhIHNsaWRpbmcgZXNvcGhhZ2VhbCBoaWF0YWwgaGVybmlhPw%3D%3D","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=5249957&s=TGFwYXJvc2NvcGljIE5pc3NlbiBmdW5kb3BsaWNhdGlvbiAoTEFQIE5pc3NlbikgaW52b2x2ZXMgd3JhcHBpbmcgdGhlIGZ1bmR1cyBhcm91bmQgdGhlIExFUyBhbmQgc3V0dXJpbmcgaXQgaW4gcGxhY2U%3D","audio_hint":null,"front":"What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?","front_plain":"What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?","back":"Herniation of all or part of stomach through esophageal hiatus into the thorax without displacement of the GE junction; also known as type II hiatal hernia","back_plain":"Herniation of all or part of stomach through esophageal hiatus into the thorax without displacement of the GE junction; also known as type II hiatal hernia","src":null,"hint":"","hint_plain":"","card_id":112,"srcHint":null,"srcFront":null,"audio_front":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=5862826&s=V2hhdCBpcyBhIHBhcmFlc29waGFnZWFsIGhpYXRhbCBoZXJuaWE%2F","audio_back":"https:\/\/tts-cdn.cram.com\/en.mp3?v=1&t=0a3ec95&s=SGVybmlhdGlvbiBvZiBhbGwgb3IgcGFydCBvZiBzdG9tYWNoIHRocm91Z2ggZXNvcGhhZ2VhbCBoaWF0dXMgaW50byB0aGUgdGhvcmF4IHdpdGhvdXQgZGlzcGxhY2VtZW50IG9mIHRoZSBHRSBqdW5jdGlvbjsgYWxzbyBrbm93biBhcyB0eXBlIElJIGhpYXRhbCBoZXJuaWE%3D","audio_hint":null,{"front":"What is the incidence of paraesophageal hiatal hernias?","front_plain":"What is the incidence of paraesophageal hiatal hernias?","back":" 2ff7e9595c
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